Piperazine is an important pharmaceutical intermediate, mainly used in the production of anthelmintics such as piperazine phosphate, piperazine citrate, and chemicalbook drugs such as fluphenazine, chlorpheniramine, rifampicin, and trimetazidine. It is also used in the production of surfactant products such as wetting agents, emulsifiers, and dispersants, as well as the production of plastic processing aids and rubber additives such as antioxidants, preservatives, and stabilizers.