Benzene is also an indispensable solvent and raw material in fine chemicals. Various benzene derivatives, such as chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol, and ethylbenzene, can be prepared through substitution, alkylation, acylation, addition, halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, oxidation, hydrogenation, and other reactions. These derivatives are important intermediates widely used in fragrances, detergents, food additives, surfactants, emulsifiers, dyes, pigments, plastics, rubber, coatings, adhesives, plasticizers, polymerization initiators, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, explosives, synthetic resins, solvents, lubricants, and other fields. Benzene is a good solvent for rubber, fats, and many resins, but due to its high toxicity, it is gradually being replaced by other solvents. Adding benzene to gasoline can improve its anti knock performance and can also be used as a high octane automotive fuel.